However, with increasing salinity, the requirement in terms of concentration of gaj to produce optimal tube growth was increased. In all varieties, germination was significantly affected by temperature chilling level. Soybean glycine max pollen germination characteristics. Results show that the germination and growth of the pollen tube growth are highest under a boric acid concentration of 0. These stages are most important in the survival and growth of plants hadas, 2004. Soybean glycine max pollen germination characteristics, flower and pollen morphology in response to enhanced ultravioletb radiation s. The requirements are species specific john and vasil, 1961. Inhibition of onion germination and root growth by cattail extracts involves reduced cell proliferation and disruption of cell wall integrity maria t. Seed germination and early seedling growth stages of the plant life cycle are more sensitive to water shortage.
Boron influences pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Pdf pollen germination, tube growth and longevity in. Each species requires a specific protocol of culture medium to obtain adequate pollen grain germination. An investigation on pollen viability, germination and tube growth in some stone fruits water or a sugar source for pollen germination, other species need a more complete medium 5. More general signaling molecules involved in regulation of many of the pollination processes have also been identified.
The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement of 3 x 6 x 3. Pollen grains, collected from maize plants raised under conditions of 0, 80, 120 and 160 meq l. Symphoniaglobulifera, seed size, germination, early seedling growth. Transcriptome analyses show changes in gene expression to. Effect of sucrose, boron, calcium and magnesium during in vitro pollen germination and tube growth in abelmoschus esculentus moench. The tube nucleus descends to the tip of the pollen tube. Flavonols stimulate development, germination, and tube growth of tobacco pollen article pdf available in plant physiology 1002. An experiment with ph charles, hannah, rose, and kathleen. On the stigma, the germination of pollen grains begins by absorption of water and nutrients and the pollen grain produces a tiny pollen tube through the style to the ovary. Ace briefly exhibited a high rate of respiration before pollen tubes began to grow. The germination rate of areca pollen is highest in solid medium with a sucrose concentration of 40 gl. Pollen tube elongation is an integral stage in the plant life cycle. The effect of different germination media on pollen.
Evaluation of drought stress effects on germination and. Gag enhanced tube growth in pollen obtained from saline, as well as, nonsaline plants. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth of sorghum when crossed to maize and pearl millet2 view my binders this article in cs. Maximum germination percentage and tube growth were observed in 15 percent sucrose solution table 1, fig. The understanding of the mechanisms controlling the various aspects of pollen tube development has a direct relevance to biotechnological applications since it represents a starting point to modify crop production and it enhances the. Thomson department of ecology and evolution, state university of new york at stony brook, stony brook, ny 11794 and rocky mountain biological laboratory, crested butte, co 81224 received february 12, 1988. Boric acid is known to be crucial for pollen germination and tube growth and is required at concentrations of 0.
A pollen tube is a tubular structure produced by the male gametophyte of seed plants when it germinates. So far, no pollen viability and pollen germination and tube. We used a control a 10% sucrose solution, a basic solution 5. Pdf flavonols stimulate development, germination, and. Pollen grains, being the sexual reproductive unit and the carrier of male genetic material in higher plants, play a vital role in breeding programme and assists. Combined effects of storage and the alleles at the waxy wx, sugary su 1and shrunken sh 2locip. Pollen germination, tube growth and longevity in some cultivars of vitis vinifera l article pdf available in african journal of microbiology research 59 may 2011 with 185 reads. Yield in almond is related more to the abundance of flowers than the relative number of. Ethylene had no effect on pollen germinability or tube growth. The essential role of calcium ion in pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Pollen viability, germination, and seed setting of nelumbo. Resilience of rice cropping systems to potential global climate change will partly depend on the temperature tolerance of pollen germination pg and tube growth ptg.
According to vasil 1960, the role of boron in pollen germination and pollen tube growth may be 3fold. The effects of seed size on germination and early seedling. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth springerlink. The percentages of germination and tube growth in these media were recorded.
A minimum percentage germination 10 percent along with a lower mean tube length 222. Crop growth duration and thermal time of aestivum and durum wheat varieties table 2. Pdf pollen germination and tube growth researchgate. Supplementing the cultures with c02caused a markedincrease in germination and tube growth. How to make a bird water feeder diy homemade plastic bottle bird water feeder duration. Pollen tube pollen tube is responsible for delivering the sperm to the embryo sac the pollen is hydrated when it lands on the stigma hydrated pollen starts germinating to form the pollen tube a directional supply of water is important for the pollen tube to penetrate the stigma woltersarts et al. In the experiment we used three different solutions. Respiration was stimulated by 2,4dinitrophenol to occur at approximately the same rate in all three periods. January 1972 in vitro germination and pollen tube growth of maize zea mays l.
Pdf pollen germination and tube growth loverine taylor. The germinating pollen with tipgrowth characteristics provides an ideal model system for the study of cell growth and morphogenesis. Recent genomewide studies have revealed many gene expression profiles, and candidate genes involved in pollen germination and tube growth have been accumulated in recent genomewide studies. Pollen tube definition of pollen tube by the free dictionary. Differences in in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube. Reddy2 1department of plant and soil sciences, box 9555, 117 dorman hall, mississippi state university, mississippi state, ms 39762, usa and 2usdaars, alternate crops and systems laboratory, bldg 001. An investigation on pollen viability, germination and tube. A second period of high respiration occurred while tubes were growing. Abstract many aspects of angiosperm pollen germination and tube growth are discussed including mechanisms of dehydration and rehydration, in vitro germination, pollen coat compounds, the dynamic involvement of cytoskeletal elements actin, microtubules, calcium ion fluxes, extracellular matrix elements stylar arabinogalactan proteins, and control mechanisms of gene expression in dehydrating. Germinating pollen did not produce a detectable amount of ethylene less than 0.
Furthermore, the functional characterization of diverse tdna insertional mutants has explained the gene networks participating in these events. During lily pollen maturation, amyloplast membranes start to disappear gradually, and starch granules are scattered in the cytoplasm, but redifferentiation of proplastids to amyloplasts is observed in the cytoplasm of lily pollen after 30min germination and is continuously present in the cytoplasm of elongating pollen tubes jiang et al. Influence of boric acid and sucrose on the germination and. Germination tests were carried out in a clammed chamber at 25 oc with 70% humidity, 8 hours dark and 16 hours light condition. Malefemale crosstalk during pollen germination, tube. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth of sorghum when. Germination is regulated by amount of moisture in the growth medium gill et al. In vitro germination and pollen tube growth of maize zea. In vitro pollen germination and pollen viability in. Between these periods respiration proceeded at a lower rate. 9027 november 1992 with 161 reads how we measure reads. Two colorimetric tests 2,3,5triphenyl tetrazolium chloride ttc and acetocarmine were used to estimate pollen viability. In vitro germination in culture medium is a technique that simulates the conditions of the stylestigma, inducing germination and pollen tube growth.
Martin 1,4 abstract the effects of cattail typha domingensis p. Introduction the freshwater ecosystem in nigeria is highly diversed and home to trees and shrubs adapted to the nonsaline coastal habitats in the tropics and sub tropics. Observe and find out what are the parts of a flower. The rate of pollen germination of some fruit species and cultivars varies depending on the medium or chemical concentration. Pollen germination and tube growth chapter pdf available in advances in botanical research 54. Student sheet 4 pollen tube growth demonstrating the growth of pollen tubes under a microscope is a fascinating insight into a hidden part of biology. Effects of boron on the localization of pectins and callose in the walls of pollen tubes were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy after staining with aniline blue or immunolabeling with antibodies.
Pollen tube growth and guidance once the pollen interacts with the silkstigma and begins to hydrate, a pollen tube is extruded through the pollen tube. The tube cell enlarges and comes out of the pollen grain through one of the germ pores to form a pollen tube. Pollen germination, along with pollen tube growth, is an essential process for the reproduction of flowering plants. Introduction our experiment focused on the ph of the solution in which the pollen was left in to grow the pollen tubes. Cultivar variation existed for cardinal temperatures t min, t opt and t max of pollen germination percentage and pollen tube growth. To study the role of boron in pollen germination and pollen tube growth of picea meyeri rehd. Petridishes were irrigated with 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 mm concentrations of nacl. Correlation between temperature pollen sterility and pollen germination in wheat wheat variety correlation coefficient pollen sterility % pollen germination % hd 2851 0. Comparison of self and crosspollination on pollen tube.
Assessment of pollen viability, germination, and tube. Temperature affects pollen germination, pollen tube growth vasilakakis and porlingis 1985. The germinated pollen grains were characterized when a pollen tube with a size equal to or greater than the diameter of the pollen was observed tuinstra and wedel, 2000. Over the course of a double lesson, students can see and measure the growth of the pollen tubes, and discuss the factors that influence this. As an essential step toward a detailed understanding of this important process, the objective of this study was to comprehensively analyze. Pollen germination between self and crosspollination in vivo to compare pollen germination between self and crosspollination, two wild cultivars of red. The evaluation of pollen viability and its germination capacity are two essential criteria for pollinators characterization. Pollen, the male gametophyte of higher plants, is a biological system playing a central role in sexual plant reproduction cresti et al.
The pollen tube acts as a conduit to transport the male gamete cells from the pollen graineither from the stigma in flowering plants to the ovules at the base of the pistil or directly through ovule tissue in some. Pollen growth continued 3 21 lnn scentc nc ll rht reered discussion the growth of the pollen tube, its movement down through the pistil to the ovule, followed by the discharge of the sperm into the ovule is an evolutionary achievement for the male gametophytes of angiosperms and gymnosperms. Temperature as a determinant factor for increased and. Our knowledge on physiology and biochemistry of pollen germination and tube growth comes largely from in vitro studies. Mean cardinal temperatures calculated from the bilinear model for the 12 cultivars were15 0,31 8and 43 3 cfor pollengermination and 11 9,28 6and 42 9 cfor pollentube length.